Showing posts with label Franz Kafka. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Franz Kafka. Show all posts

Thursday, April 13, 2017

150. Original sin


Previous - 149. Candide, God, and evil


Vertigo - the last of Dr. K

As much as I'm enjoying the commentary on Candide, I feel myself more in need of commentary for Vertigo. At the end of a passage about Kafka spending some time at a sanatorium in Riva, we get this tale of "Gracchus the huntsman" arriving in a "barque with masts of an inconceivable height and sails dark and hanging in folds" after an endless voyage. While this -- whatever it is -- is associated with Kafka, the reader who knows the next part of the book will recognize in this passage another huntsman, here we have, "...in the Black Forest, where he was on guard against the wolves which still prowled the hills at that time, he went in pursuit of a chamois -- and is this not one of the strangest items of misinformation in all the tales that have ever been told? -- he went in pursuit of a chamois and fell to his death from the face of a mountain..."

And in the next section is the other story about,

...Hans Schlag the huntsman of whom it was said that he hailed from other parts... that he had managed extensive hunting grounds in the Black Forest... 
...

...Schlag the hunter had been found dead a good hour's walk beyond his hunting ground, on the Tyrolean side of the border, at the bottom of a ravine...


And the narrator, as a child, has the body of this huntsman delivered to him on a sledge instead of a barque. And since we had just had our only sex scene in this book, between Schlag and a blonde barmaid, I suppose that makes her the "chamois."

What this means, I have no idea.
 

Candide 

"Voltaire's Escape from Pascal" by Ernst Cassirer

p167 {"Pascal tormented Voltaire, as Montaigne had tormented Pascal." The epigram is by Raymond Naves (Voltaire l'homme et l'oevre: Paris, 1942...)...

To a remarkable degree... [Montaigne, Pascal, and Voltaire] were preoccupied with a single problem, that is the relation between faith and reason, which is in effect the question of original sin. This had been the crucial controversy between Erasmus and Luther; it would be the theme of conflicts between Calvinists and Arminians on the Protestant side, between Jansenists and Jesuits within the Catholic party. Its importance is obvious. For if man's reason, no less than his will, is fatally corrupted from birth, his only hope of understanding himself or the world lies in supernatural faith. In opposition to this crucial point, all the Enlightenment philosophers united; and Voltaire, perhaps in part because the brother whom he hated was a Jansenist, powerfully impregnated with the doctrine of original sin, focused his criticism of the doctrine on its foremost Jansenist exponent, Blaise Pascal...}


The section that follows, written by Cassirer, is interesting enough, but I don't have the patience to work through the minutia of Christian theology. It's all interpretation of the shadows on cave walls to me. But Dostoevsky would be all over this.

I'm thinking the reason I ignored Dostoevsky for so long is that, while The Brothers Karamazov does a wonderful job of expressing the reality of existentialism, he himself stands outside existentialism in the philosophical tradition delineated above. I don't know (or care) what he thought of the Jansenists, but he would have opted for any of these traditions over Nietzsche. 

That said, "original sin" can be restated as our separation from nature (see also Prometheus) and this is a subject I am interested in. The problem is that it is very hard to tackle this topic from within the web of Christianity. There is always too much of the a priori (as was mentioned in the previous post, I think) which stands in the way. It's like trying to come up with a Christmas season budget with someone who still believes in Santa Claus.


My day 

I'm having a good day. An old friend's son is answering some arcane (inane?) questions about Quantum mechanics (spin, for example) and I'm dodging phone calls from Realtors about the unit for sale in our building. It seems that the Venn diagram for Realtors and People Who Prefer to Chat on the Phone Instead of Writing Emails would be a simple circle. But thanks to call screening, I can bend them to my will.

Here are the advantages of communicating by email (texting is similar):

Because it's asynchronous, both parties do not have to be free at the same time.

There is a paper trail you can refer back to when anyone gets confused about what was said.

You can easily dispatch the same information (answers to questions) to other interested parties.

It takes less time, as you don't get bogged down in pleasantries.


On the other hand, (Re: My Day) I discovered the doctor I'd been seeing before I was covered by San Francisco's single-payer health plan, doesn't accept Medicare insurance. But this is mitigated by the fact that he is also retiring this summer. This wasn't a complete surprise -- I'm also worried about losing our electrician and even the painter we liked so much, before we need them again. I suppose it would be considered discrimination if you specified you wanted to be seen by younger health care professionals so you don't outlive their careers.



Next - 151. CBF and Sisters

Monday, November 7, 2016

71. Election 2016 + Alice


Previous - 70. A new book

Preparing to vote


I spent a large portion of Sunday working through my Voter Information Pamphlet & Sample Ballot. At least I have an easy choice at the top of the ballot, but the rest is a total mess. I like my candidate for U.S. Senate and State Assembly. I have to vote for Pelosi, my U.S. Representative. I refuse to vote for my City Supervisor but can't really vote for the person running against him either. In the other races I have to choose the lesser evil -- as at the top -- or follow endorsements for the minor offices with candidates I've never heard of. Such is democracy. And that's the easy part.

Next we come to the State and City Propositions. There are 17 State Propositions but I've only voted (yes or no) for 13 of them -- the others I either can't make sense of or I could go either way on. Then there 25 City and BART or School District propositions where I've voted for 22. 

I'm proud to say that in a number of these cases I've voted against my inclination because the Proposition would set a bad example or cause problems in addition to what it's intended to fix. In some cases it's really hard to know if voting yes or no would reflect my true opinion or achieve what was possibly intended. And of course they throw all these Propositions at us because our elected officials can't do their jobs and settle this themselves. In some cases I'm hoping I'm sending a message about what I really want or don't want, but in other cases I'm not sure what message, if any, I'm sending. 

And if Tuesday goes as I expect, no one will be paying much attention to these local issues anyway.


A Century of Wisdom

I'm up to Chapter three and now Alice and her young son are in a camp -- though a very nice one where she continues to perform on the piano. 

Back in Prague she was raised in a quintessentially bourgeois-Jewish family with Franz Kafka as a close family friend. Most of her immediate family escaped to Palestine on the last train out of Czechoslovakia. She, and her husband and child, remained behind with her mother for what seemed like good reasons before Munich.

What do I mean by "quintessentially bourgeois-Jewish family?" They were well educated, very musical, well connected, involved in trade. Her mother was raised Orthodox, her father was a merchant. A year or two ago I would have thought nothing of this, but now I can't help viewing them -- along with Primo Levi's family in Turin and Oliver Sacks' family in London -- through the eyes of Dostoevsky and Ford. Thus I have to ask, To what extent were the Jews hated for being ur-bourgeois as opposed to being religious. (Sorry for the German prefix to a French adjective.) 

I know this sounds far-fetched, but stick with me a moment. I've never paid much attention to what anti-semites were saying, going all the way back to that Austrian red-neck Morton covers in A Nervous Splendor. So what do I know? First, there's Fernand Braudel's argument that the origin of European capitalism is intertwined with the history of the Jews displaced from Iberia after 1492. Then there's an account I read a long time ago of anti-Jewish riots in the south of Germany back in some earlier century. (Sorry I can't be more specific.) There was a pattern to the violence against the Jews back then: The wandering Jews would settle in a community and offer credit. Things would be fine for a time but then the economy would go south, and when the local Christians could no longer keep up with their payments, it would be discovered that some Jew or other had tricked a Christian into smuggling a wafer (the body of Christ) out of a church and giving it to the Jew who then proceeded to torture it. The Jews implicated were attacked and the rest of the Jewish community fled. 

Now this sounds completely nonsensical, of course, but what I read into it is that religion was just a tool the locals used to attack people they had a grudge against for economic reasons. Dostoevsky and Ford are not blatantly antisemitic, but it is clear in both The Brothers Karamazov and Parade's End that Jews are a part of -- and possibly a symbol of -- the bourgeois values they see as undermining the natural, Tory order. And, with Braudel in mind again, this is not wrong. (Mann is less interested in this line of reasoning -- Naphtha not withstanding -- because he was raised in an equally bourgeois, though, gentile, family.) 

I really don't want to do the research -- read antisemitic writings of the time, and Nazi dogma -- but I'm curious about how much the Nazis were opposed to other aspects of bourgeois life like science and technology and the importance of merit vs birth. 




A Faustian history of WW2


It would be impossible to pick the strangest section of Part 2 of Faust, but the battle section right after Faust returns to Germany from Greece would have to be in the running. If we accept that Faust (with Mephisto's assistance) represents the bourgeois spirit, then you can almost see this passage as an allegory for the Allied victory in both theaters in WW2. Wait, stay with me for just a minute...

The Allied victory was based largely on technological/scientific magic: The Bomb is the most obvious example of this, but there's also crytoanalysis, radar (by the end of the war radar sets small enough to fit in artillery shells), and the by then routine magic of modern industry with the exploitation of coal, oil, and everything else that can be mined from the Earth. 

And it's worth remembering that deception played an important role in both Faust's battle plans and in the Allied battle plans (the British at the 2nd Battle of El Alamein and the American crossing of the Rhine being two good examples.)


Faust - Part 2 - Act IV Scenes I-III (Headland:Battle)


FaustNow, powerfully, streams pour on streams,10725
Sweeping from gorges with redoubled gleams,
A river now throws up an arching veil:
Pours over the rocky level in a tide,
Runs foaming down, on every side,
And, stepwise, hurls itself into the dale.10730
What use their fine, heroic resistance?
The vast wave roars, and fills the distance.
I shudder myself at this wild waterfall.
MephistophelesI can see nothing of these watery lies,
They only serve for fooling human eyes,10735
I delight instead in wonders that befall.
In companies, their men plunge down,
The fools imagine that they’ll drown,
While free to breathe, on solid ground,
With swimming strokes, they run around.10740
It’s bewildering them all.
(The Ravens return.)
I’ll praise you to the noble Master: but see,
If you’d like to display your own mastery,
Hurry to the glowing smithy,
Where the dwarf folk never weary,10745
Hammering sparks from steel and stone.
Ask for, once you’ve chattered first,
A fire to shine: sparkle, and burst,
The finest that man’s ever known.
It’s true that far off lightning flashes,10750
And stars that fall in sudden dashes,
Can happen any summer’s night:
But lightning in the tangled bushes,
And stars that fizzle in the rushes,
They’re not such a common sight.10755
Don’t trouble about my command,
Ask first, then afterwards demand.
(The Ravens fly off. All takes place as ordered.)
Darkness cloaks the enemy!
Their footsteps meet uncertainty!
Everywhere are wandering flares,10760
And those sudden blinding glares!
It’s all beautiful indeed,
Now some noise is what we need.

Next - 72. Election night 2016